Efficacy of solar heat using polypropylene sheets to. However, the most serious damage is caused to the crop during storage by the bruchid callosobruchus maculatus 5. It has been estimated that a 5% loss of cowpea due to bruchid infestation cost. Entomopoison efficacy of fume of different parts of. Callosobruchus maculatus an overview sciencedirect topics. The weight loss in cow pea was followed by kidney bean, green gram. Can triple layer hermetic pics bags stop heavy infestation. The extinction stage negative r i was reached when the c. Effect of plantmediated synthesized silver nanoparticles on.
The highest losses of grain legumes during storage are due. The beetle most likely originated in west africa and moved around the globe with the trade of. Pdf control of cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus f. In lower dose per cent loss were recorded of different seed protectants i.
The results showed that all the botanicals gave protection to the stored cowpea seeds and significantly p weight loss 3. Callosobruchus maculatus is a species of beetles known commonly as the cowpea weevil or cowpea seed beetle. Control of cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus f. Evaluation of relative susceptibility of callosobruchus chinensis linn. The role of seed coat and its pigmentation on the acceptance. The material was kept undisturbed for a period of onemonth storage at the controlled laboratory conditions of 35. Assessment of quantitative losses caused by pulse beetle. Gujar and yadav 1978 recorded 55 to 60 per cent loss in seed weight and 45. Percent infestation and weight loss caused by insects was evaluated during nine weeks. At least twenty species of the genus callosobruchus originated mostly from africa and asia, occurring mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world 8. Generally, bruchids infestation starts from the field, where adult female oviposits on the green pods and causes only minor damage. Callosobruchus maculatus is the most damaging, cosmopolitan pest of stored cowpea grains especially in the tropical region. Callosobruchus chinensis chickpea botanical extracts seed damage weight loss efficacy of some botanicals against pulse beetle, callosobruchus chinensis l. Studies on the life history and ovi positional preference.
Larvae bore into and feed within seeds causing weight loss, decreased. Infestation of a single species of bruchid callosobruchus maculatus f. The most commonly stored commodities were millet 53% and sorghum 80%. Among them, the beetles, callosobruchus maculatus f. Ecofriendly management of chickpea storage pest, callosobruchus. After seven months of storage in the laboratory, two pests were found in the collected millet samples. In nigeria, it has been estimated that 3% of the annual production in 196162 was lost due to attack by c. Several management approaches including physical barriers and.
The infestation which start in the field causes damage that ranges from rendering cowpea unsuitable for consumption to reduced viability and as population build up, great loses can be recorded ibrahim and garba, 2011. Pdf quantitative and qualitative losses caused by callosobruchus. It causes substantial quantitative and qualitative losses manifested by seed perforation and reductions in weight, market value and germination ability of seeds. Effects of initial infestation levels of callosobruchus. Temperature, callosobruchus chinensis, mortality, chickpea grains, weight loss introduction chickpea cicer arietinum is the major leguminous grain crop and is cultivated on large scale in the rainfed areas of the world. This work aims to study the adaptive behavior of tunisian strain of c.
Determination of severity of damage and weight loss after the termination of the experiment when no adult emergence had been recorded for five consecutive days, the percentage damaged grain and weight loss was calculated using the formula below respectively % damage % weight loss 2. Thus, severe damage and significant weight loss in stored seeds is caused by larvae. Data was collected on adult mortality, oviposition, egg hatchability, seed germination, weight loss and damage and subjected to twoway analysis of variance anova using jmp computer software. Damage to cowpea seeds in storage by the seed beetle, callosobruchus. Toxicity of bruchidresistant cultivars mit04k3991 and mit07k29992 powders as cowpea protectants against callosobruchus maculatus fab. It is a member of the leaf beetle family, chrysomelidae, and not a true weevil.
Assessment of damage due to callosobruchus maculatus. Black gram recorded the significantly lowest weight loss of 2. Studies on the resistance of cowpea seeds vigna unguiculata. Development and reproduction of callosobruchus chinensis. Evaluation of relative susceptibility of callosobruchus. Severe damage and significant weight loss in stored seeds is caused by larvae, which grow within the grain, consuming the seed. These results are in accordance with other reports on a positive relationship between bruchid density and damage on cowpea. Efficacy of fennel seed and koseret leaf powders against.
Biology of pulse beetle callosobruchus chinensis on. The development of a single larva in a grain can lead to weight losses of 8 to 22% credland et al. Rapid ability adaptation of callosobruchus maculatus to a novel host vigna unguiculata. Field infestation of pulse crops by callosobruchus sp. Bruchid beetle, faba bean, cowpea, neem seed powder, sesame oil, eritrea. The maximum percent weight loss was found in control and cold water salt solution in comparison to other treatment. Reduction of postharvest loss caused by callosobruchus.
Survey of insects that attack stored bean grains vigna. The weight loss of the seeds was assessed using the count and weigh method as adopted by joost et al. Insect species found were callosobruchus maculatus. Monthly data were collected on number of damaged and undamaged grains, weight loss and germination percent. Suppression of damaging effects of callosobruchus maculatus. It infests cowpea before harvest, the higher the infestation levels before harvest, the greater the damage to the seeds in storage. Dec 31, 2014 the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus f. The bean grains had a water content of 12% and were offered ad libitum. Insects often cause extensive damage to stored products, which may amount to 510 % in the temperate zone and 2030% in the tropical zone nakakita, 1998. Relative efficacy of botanicals against pulse beetle. The dead weevils were counted, recorded and removed from the jar.
Toxicity to, oviposition and population growth impairments. Data analysis data were analyzed using mixed model procedures proc mixed in sas 10. Callosobruchus, survival, oviposition, susceptibility, percent damage. Pdf damage caused by the bean bruchid, callosobruchus. This will result in higher weevil emergence causing a greater weight loss, larger number of holes and consequently loss of economic value. The per cent damage and per cent weight loss were determined by releasing two pairs of freshly emerged adults in 50 gram sample of each of the above six pulses. Effect on instantaneous rate of population increase r i and bean weight loss. Singh y 1976 studies on relative resistance of important pulses to callosobruchus maculatus fabricius and callosobruchus chinensis linnaeus. This common pest of stored legumes has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every continent except antarctica. Cultivars 82d 716 recorded the highest mean developmental period, the least mean % damage, mean weight loss, numbers of emerged adults, and index of susceptibility. The number of emerged adults from untreated seeds progressively increased with time of exposure. Callosobruchus maculates is said to cause weight loss to the infested cowpea because most of the inner parts of the grains will have been eaten up by the pest. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The loss of food grains during storage due to pests has long been a serious problem to growers.
Resistance of cowpea to cowpea bruchid callosobruchus. The whole seeds per replicate were weighed after the experiment and this weight was subtracted from the original weight to find the weight loss of cowpea seeds. In tanzania, maize losses of up to 35 percentage may occur due to p. Perusal of table 1 reveal that loss in grain weight among different pulses ranged from 2. Effect of the different methanol plant extract on the mortality of callosobruchus maculatus data on the parental mortality was recorded three days after infestation. Study of impact of edible and nonedible oils on grain damage. Rapid ability adaptation of callosobruchus maculatus to a. Singh 1977 reported 100% loss of cowpea within 35 months of storage. Pdf effect of the infection of callosobruchus maculatus fab. Insecticidal toxicity of two bruchidresistant cowpea. Toxicity to, oviposition and population growth impairments of. Lately, in uganda, soybean reportedly faces challenges with a storage pest, callosobruchus chinensis. Vita 1, 84e 1108, and vita 4 were the most susceptible while the local cultivar was moderately susceptible by the end of the trials. The instantaneous rate of population increase r i decreased in a dosedependent manner for the two essential oils used fig 1.
Damage caused by this pest in cowpea is irreversible, resulting in significant loss of the grains. Conversely, t 5 reduced the highest percent of adult emergence 43. Introduction pulse beetle, callosobruchus chinensis l. Study of impact of edible and nonedible oils on grain.
Grain damage and weight loss of green gram in storage condition infested with pulse beetle callosobruchus chinensis mishra s. Weight loss % by callosobruchus infestation as influenced by cowpea variety, plant oil treatments and their rates of application treatment weight loss 1. Merrill is among the major food and industrial crops grown globally for its high protein and oil content. These were the rice moth, corcyra cephalonica stainton, and tribolium spp. Reduction of the nutirtional value of cowpea infested with. This study was undertaken to determine the cowpea weight loss caused by the development of individual c. Three to six month later the initial infestation 90 per cent of the bean becomes infested and the weight loss ranges between 30 to 60 per cent caswell, 1981. Efficacy of solar heat using polypropylene sheets to manage. The effect of ag nps on pulse beetle, callosobruchus chinensis l. It enters abstract pulse beetle callosobruchus chinensis l.
Adult beetles lay eggs on pods in the field or seeds in storage. In my tropical countries, cowpea is a staple crop and callosobruchus maculatus, the major pest in storage mital, 1971. Increased plasma free fatty acid ffa concentrations are typically. Caswell 1968 reported that damage of the seeds in the nigerian markets varied from 14 to 37% and losses amount to 24,000 tonnes yearly 4% of national production. Callosobruchus maculatus, grain protectant, infestation, nicotiana tabacum, seed damage. Efficacy of selected botanicals against cowpea weevils. The pest can cause up to 100% damage to legume seeds during storage 9. In tunisia, the cowpea seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus is the major and economic insect pest of stored chickpea. Bruchidae, is a cosmopolitan fieldtostore pest ranked as the principal postharvest pest of cowpea in the tropics. Ecofriendly approaches for management of bruchid beetle. Multiple comparisons were done on least square means. Findings of this study show that solar heat had effect on c.
At 2month intervals during 6 month storage period, development of hard to cook htc characteristics of hermetic and uninfested control samples were evaluated in terms of grain hardness and cooking time. Suppression of seed bruchid callosobruchus maculatus f. Rutaceae root bark powder when compared to neem seed powder and pirimiphosmethyl. Effect of the infection of callosobruchus maculatus fab. This will result in higher weevil emergence causing a greater weight loss, larger number of holes and consequently loss of economic value 10. Efficacy of natural products against callosobruchus. Bhaduria ns, jakhmola ss 2006 effect of intensity of infestation caused by pulse beetle on extent of losses and seed germination in different pulses.
Comparative efficacy of seven plant products on the cowpea. Management of pulse beetle, callosobruchus chinensis l. The weight loss according to umeozor, 2005 is said to alter the free fatty acid content of the infested bean. The adult callosobruchus maculatus may be found feeding the nectar of flowers in early spring and at the end of the rainy season they starts to inhabit the cowpea culture where they. Callosobruchus maculatus causes overall weight loss, reduces the nutritional quality and the presence of insect frass reduces the market value of the crop. Ecofriendly management of pulse beetle, callosobruchus.
At final observation, the number and the weight of the damaged and undamaged grains of a composite sample of 100 grains were taken from each experimental unit. Effects of initial infestation levels of callosobruchus maculatus f. Infestation may start in the pods before harvest and carry over into storage where substantial losses may occur. Damage caused by the bean bruchid, callosobruchus maculatus fabricius on different legume seeds on sale in awka and onitsha markets, anambra state, south eastern nigeria article pdf available. Adults of most species known from stored pulses may be identified using the bruchid key in haines 1991. Resistance of uganda soybean germplasm to adzuki bean. The per cent grain weight loss was observed in black gram, treated by different grain protectants i. Percentage weight losses in storage have been estimated to be 60% without control pereira, 1983. Control of cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus mdpi. Percentage damage and weight loss were in positive correlation with the total number of bruchids because treatments with high total number of bruchids inflicted more damage and caused weight loss. It causes substantial quantitative and qualitative losses manifested by seed perforation and reductions in weight, market value and germination ability of seeds 7. Bruchidae, using natural plant products article pdf available in insects 61.